Research designs can be broadly classified into two categories, namely quasi experimental research designs and experimental research designs.
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The research designs are said to be quasi experimental research designs only if the subjects are randomly assigned to the groups and the statistical controls are used by the researcher.
Non equivalent control group research designs are one of the quasi experimental research designs. Cook and Campbell (1979) gave some non equivalent control group research designs.
One group posttest only research designs are also sometimes called one shot case studies. This research design is one of the non equivalent control group research designs. This type of research design lacks a pretest baseline, thus, it results in making invalid conclusions.
Posttest only research designs with non equivalent comparison group research designs are a kind of social science research design. In this kind of research design it is quite impossible for the researcher to draw valid conclusions about the treatment effects which are entirely based on posttest information.
Posttest only research designs that predict higher order interactions are used in the cases when the expectation of the treatment effect interrelates with the third variable. However, these types of research designs are confined to the possible challenges of validity due to certain factors.
One group pretest-posttest research designs are common but defective research designs in social science. These research designs are also known as proxy pretest-posttest research designs.
Two group pretest-posttest research designs using an untreated control group are a kind of classic experimental research design.
Double pretest research designs help in strengthening the pretest and posttest research designs. This kind of research design can be established only if there exists a particular trend in the data that is independent of the treatment effect and is measured by pretest.
Interrupted time series research designs are one of the quasi experimental research designs. Cook and Campbell (1979) list certain time series research designs.
Simple interrupted time series research designs are the expansion of one group pretest-posttest research designs into multiple pretests and posttests. These one group pretest-posttest research designs do not have the control group and therefore make it difficult for the researcher to assess other confounding factors.
Interrupted time series research designs with removed treatments are powerful research designs. These research designs are powerful because in these designs, the threat of certain unwanted factors are removed.
Interrupted time series research designs with multiple replications are simply an interrupted time series research design with removed treatments, except that the treatment and the removal in these research designs occurs multiple times.
Interrupted time series research designs with switching replications require a much higher level of control over the subjects. But is a stronger research design in ruling out the threats of invalid conclusions.
Interrupted time series research designs with non equivalent dependent variables have the goal of obtaining the dependent variables that are related to the dependents being studied. In these research designs, the related variables are not assumed to be correlated with the treatment variables.
A non experimental research design is not a kind of quasi experimental research design because these types of research designs do not use statistical controls.
The research designs are said to be non experimental only if there exists a systematic collection of the data with respect to interest of study that are not considered experimental (as there are no control groups or randomization of the subjects).
Some qualitative approaches are applied typically to such research designs. These include approaches like case study research designs, content analysis, participant observation, etc.
